证书生成

操作场景

在测试环境下,用户可以用通过以下方式进行数字证书测试。在客户的运行环境中,请使用从CA认证中心申请的数字证书。

前提条件

Linux环境安装了openssl组件。

自认证证书生成过程

  1. 搭建CA环境。

    --假设用户为omm已存在,搭建CA的路径为test
    --以root用户身份登录Linux环境,切换到用户omm
    mkdir test
    cd /etc/pki/tls
    --copy 配置文件openssl.cnf到test下
    cp openssl.cnf ~/test
    cd ~/test
    --到test文件夹下,开始搭建CA环境
    --创建文件夹demoCA./demoCA/newcerts./demoCA/private
    mkdir ./demoCA ./demoCA/newcerts ./demoCA/private
    chmod 777 ./demoCA/private
    --创建serial文件,写入01
    echo '01'>./demoCA/serial
    --创建文件index.txt
    touch ./demoCA/index.txt
    --修改openssl.cnf配置文件中的参数
    dir  = ./demoCA
    default_md      = sha256
    --至此CA环境搭建完成
    
  2. 生成根私钥。

    --生成CA私钥
    openssl genrsa -aes256 -out demoCA/private/cakey.pem 2048
    Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
    .................+++
    ..................+++
    e is 65537 (0x10001)
    --设置根私钥的保护密码,最少要求4个字符,假设为Test@123
    Enter pass phrase for demoCA/private/cakey.pem:
    --再次输入私钥密码 Test@123
    Verifying - Enter pass phrase for demoCA/private/cakey.pem:
    
  3. 生成根证书请求文件。

    --生成CA根证书申请文件careq.pem
    openssl req -config openssl.cnf -new -key demoCA/private/cakey.pem -out demoCA/careq.pem
    Enter pass phrase for demoCA/private/cakey.pem:
    --输入根私钥密码 Test@123
    You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
    into your certificate request.
    What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
    There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
    For some fields there will be a default value,
    If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
    -----
    
    --以下名称请牢记,生成服务器证书和客户端证书时填写的信息需要与此处的一致
    Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:CN
    State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:shanxi
    Locality Name (eg, city) []:xian
    Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:Abc
    Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:hello
    --Common Name可以随意命名
    Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:world
    --Email可以选择性填写
    Email Address []:
    
    Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
    to be sent with your certificate request
    A challenge password []:
    An optional company name []:
    
  4. 生成自签发根证书。

    --生成根证书时,需要修改openssl.cnf文件,设置basicConstraints=CA:TRUE
    vi openssl.cnf
    --生成CA自签发根证书
    openssl ca -config openssl.cnf -out demoCA/cacert.pem -keyfile demoCA/private/cakey.pem -selfsign -infiles demoCA/careq.pem
    Using configuration from openssl.cnf
    Enter pass phrase for demoCA/private/cakey.pem:
    --输入根私钥密码 Test@123
    Check that the request matches the signature
    Signature ok
    Certificate Details:
            Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
            Validity
                Not Before: Feb 28 02:17:11 2017 GMT
                Not After : Feb 28 02:17:11 2018 GMT
            Subject:
                countryName               = CN
                stateOrProvinceName       = shanxi
                organizationName          = Abc
                organizationalUnitName    = hello
                commonName                = world
            X509v3 extensions:
                X509v3 Basic Constraints: 
                    CA:FALSE
                Netscape Comment: 
                    OpenSSL Generated Certificate
                X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 
                    F9:91:50:B2:42:8C:A8:D3:41:B0:E4:42:CB:C2:BE:8D:B7:8C:17:1F
                X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: 
                    keyid:F9:91:50:B2:42:8C:A8:D3:41:B0:E4:42:CB:C2:BE:8D:B7:8C:17:1F
    
    Certificate is to be certified until Feb 28 02:17:11 2018 GMT (365 days)
    Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
    
    
    1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
    Write out database with 1 new entries
    Data Base Updated
    --至此CA根证书自签发完成,根证书demoCA/cacert.pem。
    
  5. 生成服务端证书私钥。

    --生成服务器私钥文件server.key
    openssl genrsa -aes256 -out server.key 2048
    Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
    .......++++++
    ..++++++
    e is 65537 (0x10001)
    Enter pass phrase for server.key:
    --服务器私钥的保护密码,最少要求4个字符,假设为Test@123
    Verifying - Enter pass phrase for server.key:
    --再次确认服务器私钥的保护密码,即为Test@123
    
  6. 生成服务端证书请求文件。

    --生成服务器证书请求文件server.req
    openssl req -config openssl.cnf -new -key server.key -out server.req
    Enter pass phrase for server.key:
    You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
    into your certificate request.
    What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
    There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
    For some fields there will be a default value,
    If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
    -----
    
    --以下填写的信息与创建CA时的信息一致
    Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:CN
    State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:shanxi
    Locality Name (eg, city) []:xian
    Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:Abc
    Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:hello
    --Common Name可以随意命名
    Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:world
    Email Address []:
    --以下信息可以选择性填写
    Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
    to be sent with your certificate request
    A challenge password []:
    An optional company name []:
    
  7. 生成服务端证书。

    --生成服务端/客户端证书时,修改openssl.cnf文件,设置basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
    vi openssl.cnf
    --修改demoCA/index.txt.attr中属性为no。
    vi demoCA/index.txt.attr
    
    --对生成的服务器证书请求文件进行签发,签发后将生成正式的服务器证书server.crt
    openssl ca  -config openssl.cnf -in server.req -out server.crt -days 3650 -md sha256
    Using configuration from /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf
    Enter pass phrase for ./demoCA/private/cakey.pem:
    Check that the request matches the signature
    Signature ok
    Certificate Details:
            Serial Number: 2 (0x2)
            Validity
                Not Before: Feb 27 10:11:12 2017 GMT
                Not After : Feb 25 10:11:12 2027 GMT
            Subject:
                countryName               = CN
                stateOrProvinceName       = shanxi
                organizationName          = Abc
                organizationalUnitName    = hello
                commonName                = world
            X509v3 extensions:
                X509v3 Basic Constraints: 
                    CA:FALSE
                Netscape Comment: 
                    OpenSSL Generated Certificate
                X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 
                    EB:D9:EE:C0:D2:14:48:AD:EB:BB:AD:B6:29:2C:6C:72:96:5C:38:35
                X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: 
                    keyid:84:F6:A1:65:16:1F:28:8A:B7:0D:CB:7E:19:76:2A:8B:F5:2B:5C:6A
    
    Certificate is to be certified until Feb 25 10:11:12 2027 GMT (3650 days)
    --选择y对证书进行签发
    Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
    
    --选择y,证书签发结束
    1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
    Write out database with 1 new entries
    Data Base Updated
    

    去掉私钥密码保护,方法如下:

    --去掉服务器私钥的密码保护
    openssl rsa -in server.key -out server.key
    --如果不去掉服务器私钥的密码保护需要使用gs_guc工具对存储密码进行加密保护
    gs_guc encrypt -M server -K Test@123 -D ./
    --gs_guc加密后会生成server.key.cipher,server.key.rand两个私钥密码保护文件
    
  8. 客户端证书,私钥的生成。

    生成客户端证书和客户端私钥的方法和要求与服务器相同。

    --生成客户端私钥
    openssl genrsa -aes256 -out client.key 2048
    --生成客户端证书请求文件
    openssl req -config openssl.cnf -new -key client.key -out client.req 
    --对生成的客户端证书请求文件进行签发,签发后将生成正式的客户端证书client.crt
    openssl ca -config openssl.cnf -in client.req -out client.crt -days 3650 -md sha256
    

    去掉私钥密码保护,方法如下:

    --去掉客户端私钥的密码保护
    openssl rsa -in client.key -out client.key
    --如果不去掉客户端私钥的密码保护需要使用gs_guc工具对存储密码进行加密保护
    gs_guc encrypt -M client -K Test@123 -D ./  
    gs_guc加密后会生成client.key.cipher,client.key.rand两个私钥密码保护文件。
    

    将客户端密钥转化为DER格式,方法如下:

    openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -outform DER -in client.key -out client.key.pk8 -nocrypt
    
  9. 吊销证书列表的生成。

    如果需要吊销列表,可按照如下方法生成:

    --首先创建crlnumber文件
    echo '00'>./demoCA/crlnumber
    --吊销服务器证书
    openssl ca -config openssl.cnf -revoke server.crt
    --生成证书吊销列表sslcrl-file.crl
    openssl ca -config openssl.cnf -gencrl -out sslcrl-file.crl
    
意见反馈
编组 3备份
openGauss 2024-03-19 00:44:58
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