导出表

openGauss支持使用gs_dump工具导出表级的内容,包含表定义和表数据。视图、序列和外表属于特殊的表。用户可通过灵活的自定义方式导出表内容,不仅支持选定一个表或多个表的导出,还支持排除一个表或者多个表的导出。可根据需要自定义导出如下信息:

  • 导出表全量信息,包含表数据和表定义。
  • 仅导出数据,不包含表定义。
  • 仅导出表定义。

操作步骤

  1. 以操作系统用户omm登录数据库主节点。

  2. 使用gs_dump同时导出指定表hr.staffs和hr.employments。

    gs_dump -U jack -f /home/omm/backup/MPPDB_table_backup -p 8000 human_resource -t hr.staffs -t hr.employments -F d
    Password:
    
    
**表 1**  常用参数说明
    
    <a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_table1781122816253"></a>
    <table><thead align="left"><tr id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_row10837281257"><th class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.169999999999998%" id="mcps1.2.4.1.1"><p id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p48382816258"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p48382816258"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p48382816258"></a>参数</p>
    </th>
    <th class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.16%" id="mcps1.2.4.1.2"><p id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p18332812257"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p18332812257"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p18332812257"></a>参数说明</p>
    </th>
    <th class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" id="mcps1.2.4.1.3"><p id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p583122816257"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p583122816257"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p583122816257"></a>举例</p>
    </th>
    </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody><tr id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_row1483528152520"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.169999999999998%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.1 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p3830287252"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p3830287252"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p3830287252"></a>-U</p>
    </td>
    <td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.16%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.2 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p8232111218592"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p8232111218592"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p8232111218592"></a>连接数据库的用户名。</p>
    </td>
    <td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.3 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p1583152842510"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p1583152842510"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p1583152842510"></a>-U jack</p>
    </td>
    </tr>
    <tr id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_row199295855317"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.169999999999998%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.1 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p89920588539"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p89920588539"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p89920588539"></a>-W</p>
    </td>
    <td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.16%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.2 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p69431335210"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p69431335210"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p69431335210"></a>指定用户连接的密码。</p>
    <a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_ul194074341627"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_ul194074341627"></a><ul id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_ul194074341627"><li>如果主机的认证策略是trust,则不会对数据库管理员进行密码验证,即无需输入-W选项。</li><li>如果没有-W选项,并且不是数据库管理员,会提示用户输入密码。</li></ul>
    </td>
    <td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.3 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p1898043113581"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p1898043113581"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p1898043113581"></a>-W abcd@123</p>
    </td>
    </tr>
    <tr id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_row1823810139566"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.169999999999998%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.1 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p11238171316560"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p11238171316560"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p11238171316560"></a>-f</p>
    </td>
    <td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.16%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.2 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p323861311565"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p323861311565"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p323861311565"></a>将导出文件发送至指定目录文件夹。如果这里省略,则使用标准输出。</p>
    </td>
    <td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.3 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p11238513175619"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p11238513175619"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p11238513175619"></a>-f /home/<span id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_text7666916195320"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_text7666916195320"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_text7666916195320"></a>omm</span>/backup/MPPDB_table_backup</p>
    </td>
    </tr>
    <tr id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_row9411195215519"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.169999999999998%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.1 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p84119521250"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p84119521250"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p84119521250"></a>-p</p>
    </td>
    <td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.16%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.2 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p14838631464"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p14838631464"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p14838631464"></a>指定服务器所侦听的TCP端口或本地Unix域套接字后缀,以确保连接。</p>
    </td>
    <td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.3 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p341117521853"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p341117521853"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p341117521853"></a>-p <span id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_text139416479502"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_text139416479502"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_text139416479502"></a>8000</span></p>
    </td>
    </tr>
    <tr id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_row1362511481379"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.169999999999998%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.1 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p8782872280"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p8782872280"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p8782872280"></a>dbname</p>
    </td>
    <td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.16%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.2 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p1278211752814"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p1278211752814"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p1278211752814"></a>需要导出的数据库名称</p>
    </td>
    <td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.3 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p12782147122820"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p12782147122820"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p12782147122820"></a>human_resource</p>
    </td>
    </tr>
    <tr id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_row1280163131716"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.169999999999998%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.1 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p14801831178"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p14801831178"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p14801831178"></a>-t</p>
    </td>
    <td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.16%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.2 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p13668104114117"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p13668104114117"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p13668104114117"></a>指定导出的表(或视图、序列、外表),可以使用多个-t选项来选择多个表,也可以使用通配符指定多个表对象。当使用通配符指定多个表对象时,注意给pattern打引号,防止shell扩展通配符。</p>
    <a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_ul11933635102416"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_ul11933635102416"></a><ul id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_ul11933635102416"><li>单个表:-t <em id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_i61955817199"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_i61955817199"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_i61955817199"></a>schema.table</em></li><li>多个表:多次输入-t <em id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_i8232465420"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_i8232465420"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_i8232465420"></a>schema.table</em></li></ul>
    </td>
    <td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.3 "><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_ul13923102591912"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_ul13923102591912"></a><ul id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_ul13923102591912"><li>单个表:-t hr.staffs</li><li>多个表:-t hr.staffs -t hr.employments</li></ul>
    </td>
    </tr>
    <tr id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_row1885993510341"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.169999999999998%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.1 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p141711116303"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p141711116303"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p141711116303"></a>-F</p>
    </td>
    <td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.16%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.2 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p9417511183018"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p9417511183018"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p9417511183018"></a>选择导出文件格式。-F参数值如下:</p>
    <a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_ul4489102813339"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_ul4489102813339"></a><ul id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_ul4489102813339"><li>p:纯文本格式</li><li>c:自定义归档</li><li>d:目录归档格式</li><li>t:tar归档格式</li></ul>
    </td>
    <td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.3 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p4417181118302"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p4417181118302"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p4417181118302"></a>-F d</p>
    </td>
    </tr>
        <tr id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_row1885993510341"><td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="24.169999999999998%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.1 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p141711116303"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p141711116303"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p141711116303"></a>-T</p>
</td>
            <td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="44.16%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.2 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p9417511183018"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p9417511183018"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p9417511183018"></a>不转储的表(或视图、或序列、或外表)对象列表,可以使用多个-t选项来选择多个表,也可以使用通配符制定多个表对象。</p><p>当同时输入-t和-T时,会转储在-t列表中,而不在-T列表中的表对象。</p>
    </td>
    <td class="cellrowborder" valign="top" width="31.669999999999998%" headers="mcps1.2.4.1.3 "><p id="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p4417181118302"><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p4417181118302"></a><a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_p4417181118302"></a>-T table1</p>
    </td>
    </tr>
    </tbody>
    </table>
    
    
    其他参数说明请参见《工具参考》中“服务端工具 \> gs\_dump”章节。


## 示例<a name="zh-cn_topic_0237121171_zh-cn_topic_0096393572_s2612a8b058f24a14b1dfa8efd6f4c410"></a>

示例一:执行gs\_dump,导出表hr.staffs的定义和数据,并对导出文件进行压缩,导出文件格式为文本格式。

gs_dump -f /home/omm/backup/MPPDB_table_backup.sql -p 8000 human_resource -t hr.staffs -Z 6 -F p Password: gs_dump[port='8000'][human_resource][2017-07-21 17:05:10]: dump database human_resource successfully gs_dump[port='8000'][human_resource][2017-07-21 17:05:10]: total time: 3116 ms


示例二:执行gs\_dump,只导出表hr.staffs的数据,导出文件格式为tar归档格式。

gs_dump -f /home/omm/backup/MPPDB_table_data_backup.tar -p 8000 human_resource -t hr.staffs -a -F t Password: gs_dump[port='8000'][human_resource][2017-07-21 17:04:26]: dump database human_resource successfully gs_dump[port='8000'][human_resource][2017-07-21 17:04:26]: total time: 2570 ms


示例三:执行gs\_dump,导出表hr.staffs的定义,导出文件格式为目录归档格式。

gs_dump -f /home/omm/backup/MPPDB_table_def_backup -p 8000 human_resource -t hr.staffs -s -F d Password: gs_dump[port='8000'][human_resource][2017-07-21 17:03:09]: dump database human_resource successfully gs_dump[port='8000'][human_resource][2017-07-21 17:03:09]: total time: 2297 ms


示例四:执行gs\_dump,不导出表hr.staffs,导出文件格式为自定义归档格式。

gs_dump -f /home/omm/backup/MPPDB_table_backup4.dmp -p 8000 human_resource -T hr.staffs -F c Password: gs_dump[port='8000'][human_resource][2017-07-21 17:14:11]: dump database human_resource successfully gs_dump[port='8000'][human_resource][2017-07-21 17:14:11]: total time: 2450 ms


示例五:执行gs\_dump,同时导出两个表hr.staffs和hr.employments,导出文件格式为文本格式。

gs_dump -f /home/omm/backup/MPPDB_table_backup1.sql -p 8000 human_resource -t hr.staffs -t hr.employments -F p Password: gs_dump[port='8000'][human_resource][2017-07-21 17:19:42]: dump database human_resource successfully gs_dump[port='8000'][human_resource][2017-07-21 17:19:42]: total time: 2414 ms


示例六:执行gs\_dump,导出时,排除两个表hr.staffs和hr.employments,导出文件格式为文本格式。

gs_dump -f /home/omm/backup/MPPDB_table_backup2.sql -p 8000 human_resource -T hr.staffs -T hr.employments -F p Password: gs_dump[port='8000'][human_resource][2017-07-21 17:21:02]: dump database human_resource successfully gs_dump[port='8000'][human_resource][2017-07-21 17:21:02]: total time: 3165 ms


示例七:执行gs\_dump,导出表hr.staffs的定义和数据,只导出表hr.employments的定义,导出文件格式为tar归档格式。

gs_dump -f /home/omm/backup/MPPDB_table_backup3.tar -p 8000 human_resource -t hr.staffs -t hr.employments --exclude-table-data hr.employments -F t Password: gs_dump[port='8000'][human_resource][2018-11-14 11:32:02]: dump database human_resource successfully gs_dump[port='8000'][human_resource][2018-11-14 11:32:02]: total time: 1645 ms


示例八:执行gs\_dump,导出表hr.staffs的定义和数据,并对导出文件进行加密,导出文件格式为文本格式。

gs_dump -f /home/omm/backup/MPPDB_table_backup4.sql -p 8000 human_resource -t hr.staffs --with-encryption AES128 --with-key 1212121212121212 -F p Password: gs_dump[port='8000'][human_resource][2018-11-14 11:35:30]: dump database human_resource successfully gs_dump[port='8000'][human_resource][2018-11-14 11:35:30]: total time: 6708 ms


示例九:执行gs\_dump,导出public模式下所有表(包括视图、序列和外表)和hr模式中staffs表,包含数据和表定义,导出文件格式为自定义归档格式。

gs_dump -f /home/omm/backup/MPPDB_table_backup5.dmp -p 8000 human_resource -t public.* -t hr.staffs -F c Password: gs_dump[port='8000'][human_resource][2018-12-13 09:40:24]: dump database human_resource successfully gs_dump[port='8000'][human_resource][2018-12-13 09:40:24]: total time: 896 ms


示例十: 执行gs\_dump,仅导出依赖于t1模式下的test1表对象的视图信息,导出文件格式为目录归档格式。

gs_dump -U jack -f /home/omm/backup/MPPDB_view_backup6 -p 8000 human_resource -t t1.test1 --include-depend-objs --exclude-self -F d Password: gs_dump[port='8000'][jack][2018-11-14 17:21:18]: dump database human_resource successfully gs_dump[port='8000'][jack][2018-11-14 17:21:23]: total time: 4239 ms

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