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step by step系列之：openGauss1.0.1单机安装指南v1.2
2021-01-12openGauss step by step系列
Step by Step 之：openGauss1.0.1 单机安装指南 v1.2
在 CentOS7.6 上安装 openGauss 单机版
配置操作系统满足安装要求
硬件环境：虚拟机的内存 8GB，4 核心 CPU，900G 磁盘（非必须）
软件环境：CentOS7.6
关闭防火墙
#停止 firewall
systemctl stop firewalld.service
#禁止 firewall 开机启动
systemctl disable firewalld.service
关闭 SELinux
getenforce
sed -i 's/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0
getenforce
修改/etc/hosts
添加一行
cat >>/etc/hosts <<EOF
***.***.***.*** node1
EOF
配置库路径
cat>> /etc/profile<<EOF
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/software/openGauss/script/gspylib/clib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
EOF
关闭 os 交换区
编辑/etc/fstab 文件，将交换区的那一行注释掉
vi /etc/fstab
****
临时关闭交换区命令：
swapoff -a
free
配置网络参数
cat>>/etc/sysctl.conf<<EOF
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 26000 65500
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 4194304
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 16384 4194304
net.ipv4.conf. ens33.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout=60
net.ipv4.tcp_retries1=5
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries=5
net.sctp.path_max_retrans=10
net.sctp.max_init_retransmits=10
EOF
说明：
如果对外工作的网卡万兆网卡 ens33，需要设计最大 MTU 为 8192。 虚拟机没有万兆网卡不能配置该项，否则认证报错！
配置 NTPD（单机可以不用配置）
yum install ntp -y
vi /etc/ntp.conf
添加以下一行：
restrict ***.***.***.*** mask 255.255.255.0 nomodify notrap
添加以下 3 行，并注释掉所有的 server 行：
server 127.127.1.0 # local clock
fudge 127.127.1.0 stratum 10
server node1
#启动 ntpd 时间服务器
service ntpd start
#开机自启动
chkconfig ntpd on
或者
systemctl enable ntpd.service
设置 root 用户远程登陆
sed -i "s/#Banner none/Banner none/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
cat >>/etc/ssh/sshd_config<<EOF
PermitRootLogin yes
EOF
systemctl restart sshd
#检查
cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config | grep PermitRootLogin
PermitRootLogin yes
#检查
cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config | grep Banner
Banner none
文件系统参数、系统支持的最大进程数
echo "* soft nofile 1000000" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "* hard nofile 1000000" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "* soft nproc unlimited" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "* hard nproc unlimited" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
安装 python3.6.x
yum install openssl* -y
yum install python3* -y
说明：
也可以直接编译安装或者 rpm 包安装。
reboot
重新启动服务器
创建安装包的存放目录
mkdir -p /opt/software/openGauss
chmod 755 -R /opt/software
下载 openGauss 数据库软件
下载地址为：https://opengauss.org/zh/download/
数据库安装包上传至 centos 上
安装 openGauss 单机数据库
解压缩 openGauss DBMS 介质
cd /opt/software/openGauss
tar xf openGauss-1.0.1-CentOS-64bit.tar.gz
创建 XML 文件
cat > clusterconfig.xml<<EOF
html
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?\>
<ROOT\>
<!-- oenGgauss数据库集群的信息 --\>
<CLUSTER\>
<!-- 数据库集群名称 --\>
<PARAM name="clusterName" value="dbCluster" /\>
<!-- 数据库集群节点名称列表 --\>
<PARAM name="nodeNames" value="node1" /\>
<!-- 数据库安装目录--\>
<PARAM name="gaussdbAppPath" value="/opt/gaussdb/app" /\>
<!-- 日志目录--\>
<PARAM name="gaussdbLogPath" value="/var/log/gaussdb" /\>
<!-- 临时文件目录--\>
<PARAM name="tmpMppdbPath" value="/opt/gaussdbi/tmp" /\>
<!--数据库工具目录--\>
<PARAM name="gaussdbToolPath" value="/opt/gaussdb/wisequery" /\>
<!--数据库core文件目录--\>
<PARAM name="corePath" value="/opt/gaussdb/corefile"/\>
<!-- 数据库集群的节点IP，与数据库集群节点名称列表一一对应 --\>
<PARAM name="backIp1s" value="***.***.***.***"/\>
<!-- 数据库集群的类型，本例为单实例安装 --\>
<PARAM name="clusterType" value="single-inst"/\>
</CLUSTER\>
<!-- oenGgauss数据库集群的节点信息 --\>
<DEVICELIST\>
<!-- 集群节点1的信息 --\>
<DEVICE sn="1000001"\>
<!-- 节点1的机器名 --\>
<PARAM name="name" value="node1"/\>
<!-- 节点1所在的AZ和AZ优先级 --\>
<PARAM name="azName" value="AZ1"/\>
<PARAM name="azPriority" value="1"/\>
<!-- 节点1的IP，如果节点服务器只有一个网卡，将backIP1和sshIP1配置成同一个IP --\>
<PARAM name="backIp1" value="***.***.***.***"/\>
<PARAM name="sshIp1" value="***.***.***.***"/\>
<!--dbnode--\>
<PARAM name="dataNum" value="1"/\>
<PARAM name="dataPortBase" value="26000"/\>
<PARAM name="dataNode1" value="/opt/gaussdb/data/db1"/\>
</DEVICE\>
</DEVICELIST\>
</ROOT\>
EOF
检查环境变量
echo $LD_LIBRARY_PATH
安装前进行交互式检查
python3 /opt/software/openGauss/script/gs_preinstall -U omm -G dbgrp -X /opt/software/openGauss/clusterconfig.xml
查看具体的检查信息
/opt/software/openGauss/script/gs_checkos -i A -h node1 --detail
开始安装 openGauss DBMS 和创建数据库
使用 root 执行如下命令
cd /opt/software/openGauss/script
chmod -R 755 /opt/software/openGauss/script
chown -R omm:dbgrp /opt/software/openGauss/script
使用 omm 用户安装 openGauss DBMS 和创建 openGauss 数据库
su - omm
cd /opt/software/openGauss/script
cp ../clusterconfig.xml .
gs_install -X /opt/software/openGauss/script/clusterconfig.xml
注意：
用户需根据提示输入数据库的密码，密码需要具有一定的复杂度，为保证用户正常使用该数据库，请记住输入的数据库密码。此处建议密码设置为 **@。
（16G 内存创建就不会出错）
【遇到问题】
[2020-10-17 08:43:03.575][30109][][gs_ctl]: waiting for server to start...
.0 [BACKEND] LOG: Begin to start openGauss Database.
2020-10-17 08:43:03.677 5f8a3e17.1 [unknown] 139777756087360 [unknown] 0 dn_6001 DB001 0 [REDO] LOG: Recovery parallelism, cpu count = 4, max = 4, actual = 4
2020-10-17 08:43:03.677 5f8a3e17.1 [unknown] 139777756087360 [unknown] 0 dn_6001 DB001 0 [REDO] LOG: ConfigRecoveryParallelism, true_max_recovery_parallelism:4, max_recovery_parallelism:4
2020-10-17 08:43:03.677 5f8a3e17.1 [unknown] 139777756087360 [unknown] 0 dn_6001 00000 0 [BACKEND] LOG: gaussdb.state does not exist, and skipt setting since it is optional.
2020-10-17 08:43:03.678 5f8a3e17.1 [unknown] 139777756087360 [unknown] 0 dn_6001 00000 0 [BACKEND] LOG: Transparent encryption disabled.
2020-10-17 08:43:03.687 5f8a3e17.1 [unknown] 139777756087360 [unknown] 0 dn_6001 01000 0 [BACKEND] WARNING: could not create any HA TCP/IP sockets
2020-10-17 08:43:03.689 5f8a3e17.1 [unknown] 139777756087360 [unknown] 0 dn_6001 00000 0 [BACKEND] LOG: InitNuma numaNodeNum: 1 numa_distribute_mode: none inheritThreadPool: 0.
2020-10-17 08:43:03.689 5f8a3e17.1 [unknown] 139777756087360 [unknown] 0 dn_6001 01000 0 [BACKEND] WARNING: Failed to initialize the memory protect for g_instance.attr.attr_storage.cstore_buffers (1024 Mbytes) or shared memory (4215 Mbytes) is larger.
2020-10-17 08:43:03.749 5f8a3e17.1 [unknown] 139777756087360 [unknown] 0 dn_6001 00000 0 [CACHE] LOG: set data cache size(805306368)
2020-10-17 08:43:03.776 5f8a3e17.1 [unknown] 139777756087360 [unknown] 0 dn_6001 00000 0 [CACHE] LOG: set metadata cache size(268435456)
2020-10-17 08:43:08.569 5f8a3e17.1 [unknown] 139777756087360 [unknown] 0 dn_6001 00000 0 [BACKEND] LOG: gaussdb: fsync file "/opt/gaussdb/data/db1/gaussdb.state.temp" success
2020-10-17 08:43:08.569 5f8a3e17.1 [unknown] 139777756087360 [unknown] 0 dn_6001 00000 0 [BACKEND] LOG: create gaussdb state file success: db state(STARTING_STATE), server mode(Normal)
2020-10-17 08:43:08.597 5f8a3e17.1 [unknown] 139777756087360 [unknown] 0 dn_6001 00000 0 [BACKEND] LOG: max_safe_fds = 978, usable_fds = 1000, already_open = 12
2020-10-17 08:43:08.607 5f8a3e17.1 [unknown] 139777756087360 [unknown] 0 dn_6001 00000 0 [BACKEND] LOG: user configure file is not found, it will be created.
2020-10-17 08:43:08.657 5f8a3e17.1 [unknown] 139777756087360 [unknown] 0 dn_6001 00000 0 [BACKEND] LOG: Success to start openGauss Database. If you specify "&", please press any key to exit...
.[2020-10-17 08:43:09.701][30109][][gs_ctl]: waitpid 30112 failed, exitstatus is 256, ret is 2
[2020-10-17 08:43:09.701][30109][][gs_ctl]: stopped waiting
[2020-10-17 08:43:09.701][30109][][gs_ctl]: could not start server
[2020-10-17 08:43:09.701][30109][][gs_ctl]: Examine the log output.
[omm@node1 script]$ free -g
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 7 0 5 0 2 5
Swap: 0 0 0
[omm@node1 script]$
【分析问题】
初始化实例失败
【解决方法】
修改 max_process_memory = 3GB
vi /opt/gaussdb/data/db1
启动数据库：
[omm@node1 db1]$ gs_om -t start
Starting cluster.
=========================================
=========================================
Successfully started.
[omm@node1 db1]$
首次登录数据库
在 centOS 中，使用 omm 用户执行下面的操作。
登录到数据库，修改数据库的密码：
gsql -d postgres -p 26000 -r
gsql ((openGauss 1.0.1 build 13b34b53) compiled at 2020-10-12 02:00:59 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=#
alter role omm identified by 'Passw0rd@1234' replace '******@****';
检查数据库版本
show server_version;
SELECT version();
(openGauss 1.0.1 build 13b34b53) compiled at 2020-10-12 02:00:59 commit 0 last mr on x86_64-unknown-l
inux-gnu, compiled by g++ (GCC) 8.2.0, 64-bit
(1 row)
查看帮助
help
退出
\q
openGauss 的简单维护
停止 openGauss 数据库
gs_om -t stop
查看数据库的状态
gs_om -t status --detail
[omm@node1 db1]$ gs_om -t status --detail
[ Cluster State ]
cluster_state : Unavailable
redistributing : No
current_az : AZ_ALL
[ Datanode State ]
node node_ip instance state
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 node1 ***.***.***.*** 6001 /opt/gaussdb/data/db1 P Primary Manually stopped
[omm@node1 db1]$
启动 openGauss 数据库
gs_om -t start
再次查看数据库的状态
gs_om -t status --detail
[omm@node1 ~]$ gs_om -t status --detail
[ Cluster State ]
cluster_state : Normal
redistributing : No
current_az : AZ_ALL
[ Datanode State ]
node node_ip instance state
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 node1 ***.***.***.*** 6001 /opt/gaussdb/data/db1 P Primary Normal
[omm@node1 ~]$
查看数据库系统的详细信息
gs_om -t status --all ##数据库停止状态
[omm@node1 db1]$ gs_om -t status --all
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
cluster_state : Unavailable
redistributing : No
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
node : 1
node_name : node1
node : 1
instance_id : 6001
node_ip : ***.***.***.***
data_path : /opt/gaussdb/data/db1
type : Datanode
instance_state : Down
static_connections : 0
HA_state : Manually stopped
reason : Unknown
sender_sent_location : 0/0
sender_write_location : 0/0
sender_flush_location : 0/0
sender_replay_location : 0/0
receiver_received_location: 0/0
receiver_write_location : 0/0
receiver_flush_location : 0/0
receiver_replay_location : 0/0
sync_state : Async
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
[omm@node1 db1]$
gs_om -t status --all ##数据库 nornal 启动状态
[omm@node1 db1]$ gs_om -t status --all
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
cluster_state : Normal
redistributing : No
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
node : 1
node_name : node1
node : 1
instance_id : 6001
node_ip : ***.***.***.***
data_path : /opt/gaussdb/data/db1
type : Datanode
instance_state : Primary
static_connections : 0
HA_state : Normal
reason : Normal
sender_sent_location : 0/0
sender_write_location : 0/0
sender_flush_location : 0/0
sender_replay_location : 0/0
receiver_received_location: 0/0
receiver_write_location : 0/0
receiver_flush_location : 0/0
receiver_replay_location : 0/0
sync_state : Async
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
[omm@node1 db1]$
【附录】
查看 gs_om 命令的帮助
[omm@node1 db1]$ gs_om --help
gs_om is a utility to manage a cluster.
Usage:
gs_om -? | --help
gs_om -V | --version
OLAP scene:
gs_om -t start [-h HOSTNAME] [-D dataDir] [--time-out=SECS]
[--security-mode=MODE] [-l LOGFILE]
gs_om -t stop [-h HOSTNAME] [-D dataDir] [--time-out=SECS] [-m MODE]
[-l LOGFILE]
gs_om -t status [-h HOSTNAME] [-o OUTPUT] [--detail] [--all] [-l LOGFILE]
gs_om -t generateconf -X XMLFILE [--distribute] [-l LOGFILE]
gs_om -t cert [--cert-file=CERTFILE | --rollback] [-L] [-l LOGFILE]
gs_om -t kerberos -m [install|uninstall] -U USER [-l LOGFILE]
[--krb-server|--krb-client]
gs_om -t view [-o OUTPUT]
gs_om -t query [-o OUTPUT]
gs_om -t refreshconf
General options:
-t Type of the OM command.
-l Path of log file.
-?, --help Show help information for this utility,
and exit the command line mode.
-V, --version Show version information.
Options for start
-h Name of the host to be started.
-D Path of dn
--time-out=SECS Maximum waiting time when start the
cluster or node.
--security-mode=MODE database start with security mode: on or off
on: start with security mode
off: start without security mode
Options for stop
-h Name of the host to be shut down.
-m, --mode=MODE Shutdown mode. It can be f (fast),
or i (immediate).
-D Path of dn
--time-out=SECS Maximum waiting time when start the cluster
or node.
Options for status
-h Name of the host whose status is to be
queried.
--az Name of the single az whose status is to
be queried.
-o Save the result to the specified file.
--detail Show detailed status information.
--all Show all database node status information.
Options for generating configuration files
-X Path of the XML configuration file.
--distribute Distribute the static configuration file
to installation directory of cluster nodes.
Options for cert
--cert-file Path of cert file.
--rollback Perform rollback SSL cert files.
-L local mode.
Options for kerberos
-m Kerberos management mode. It can be
install or uninstall.
-U %s cluster user.
Install options:
--krb-server Execute install for server. This parameter
only work for install
--krb-client Execute install for client. This parameter
only work for install
[omm@node1 db1]$
数据库性能监控
gs_checkperf
End